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Madaus, George F. George F. Madaus - 1999 Garrison Keillor's amusing vignette from Lake Wobegon Days
illustrates what this chapter is about. It is about the effects of testing
on the curriculum, teaching, and learning. Its thesis is that testing is
fast usurping the role of the curriculum as the mechanism of defining
what schooling is about in this country. In recent years, it seems that
the aims of education, the business of our schools, and the goals of
educational reform are addressed not so much in terms of
curriculum—the courses of study that are followed—as they are in
terms of standardized tests. It is testing, not the "official" stated
curriculum, that is increasingly determining what is taught, how it is
taught, what is learned, and how it is learned. Amelia E. Kreitzer & George F. Madaus - 1994 Bloom's Taxonomy made its way into the pool of professional knowledge
for educators despite criticism-sometimes quite harsh-on logical,
philosophical, psychological, and empirical grounds. This last
area is the subject of this chapter. Specifically, we review the empirical
investigations of the hierarchical structure of the Taxonomy. George F. Madaus - 1988 Can measurement really drive instruction and influence the
curriculum? How does a test come to exercise power over curriculum
and instruction? What is the nature of that power? This chapter
explores these issues. However, to anticipate, the lesson of history is
clear. Tests can be, have been, and in some places are the engines that
drive teaching and learning. Is this a good thing? The answer depends
on one's philosophy of instruction, curriculum, education, and testing.
There are profound implications in this driving metaphor about the
nature of instruction, curriculum, education, teaching, and testing.
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A., M. A.Bailey II, M.D., Joseph A.Boyce, George A.Hanson, Abel Aagaard, Lola Abbate, Fred J. Abbe, George Abbot, Julia W. Abbott, Allan Abbott, Daniel H. Abbott, Dorothy Abbott, Forest L. Abbott, Herbert V. Abbott, Mary Allen Abbott, Mary Ellen Abbs, Peter Abdi, Ali A. Abdus-Sabur, Qadir Abe, Shigetaka Abedi, Jamal Abel, David A. Abel, Emily K. Abel, Jerian Abel, Yolanda Abeles, Harold F. Abelmann, Nancy Abelson, Harold H. Aben, Patricia Abernathy, Ruth Abernathy, Scott F. Abeson, Alan Abney, David Abney, Louise Abo-Zena, Mona Aboulafia, Mitchell Abouzaglo, Shanee Abowitz, Kathleen Knight Abrahams, Frank Abrahams, Salie Abram, Percy Abrams, Alfred W. Abrams, Lisa Abrams, Samuel E. Abrams, Sandra Schamroth Abramson, David A. Abrego, Michelle Abry, Tashia Abu El-Haj, Thea Acharya, Urmila Achenbach, Thomas M. Achilles, Charles M. Achinstein, Betty Achner, M. J. Ackerman, Debra Ackerman, John M. Ackerman, Phillip L. Ackerman, Winona B. Acosta, Elda Acosta, Melanie M. Acosta, Rudy Acosta , Vasthi Reyes Acuff, Bette Ada, Alma Flor Adair, Jennifer Keys Adair, Vivyan C. Adam, Roy Adamany, David Adams, Arlene Adams, Arthur S. Adams, Curt M. Adams, Donald Adams, Hazard Adams, Kathy Adams, Kenneth R. Adams, Margaret Adams, Megan Adams, Natalie Guice Adams, Susan R. Adams-Bass, Valerie Adamson, Susan C. Adelson, Joseph Adely, Fida J. Adeyemo, Adeoye O. Adigun, Olajumoke "Beulah" Adkins, Amee Adkins, Dorothy C. Adkins, Winthrop D. Adkison, Judith Adler, Chaim Adler, Karlyn Adler, Mortimer J. Adler, Susan Matoba Ado, Kathryn af Malmborg, Nils M. Afonso, Robert Afzal, Saima Agans, Jennifer P. Agee, Jane Agirdag, Orhan Agius, Kirsten Agne, Russell M. Agnew, Walter D. Agosto, Vonzell Agre, Gene P. Agren, Raymond Aguiar, Jeff Aguilar, Jose V. Aguilera-Black Bear, Dorothy Aguirre, Julia Aguirre Jr, Adalberto Ahearn, Amy Ahern, T. James Ahern, Terence Ahlberg, Mauri Ahlstrom, Winton M. Ahmad, Iftikhar Ahmad, Nabeel Ahn, June Ahram, Roey Ahrens, Maurice R. Aiken, Henry David Aiken-Wisniewski, Sharon A Aikin, Wilford M. Aikins, Ross Airasian, Peter W. Airton, Lee Aitchison, Alison E. Aitchison, Gertrude M. Aitken, Graeme Aitken, Jenny Aitken, Johanna aka Don Trent Jacobs, Four Arrows Akanbi , Linda Akers, Milton E. Akerson, Valarie L. Akiba, Daisuke Akiba, Motoko Akin, Clayton Akinrinola, Ademola Akita, Kiyomi Akkari, Abdeljalil Akom, Antwi Akrawi, Matta Akridge, Samantha L. Al Atiyat , Ibtesam Alaca, Zahide Alarcon, Jeannette Alatis, James E. Alba, Richard Albers, Peggy Albert, Gerald Albert, Marta K. Alberty, H. B. Alberty, Harold Albrecht, Arthur E. Albrecht, Lisa Albright, Julie M. Albright, Kathy Zanella Albro, Elizabeth Alcantar, Cynthia M. Aldemir, Jale Alden, Elizabeth Alden, Vernon R. Alderfer, H.F. Aldrich, Grace L. Alessi, Jr., Samuel J. Alexander, Carter Alexander, Dameon V. Alexander, Francie Alexander, Gadi Alexander, Herbert B. Alexander, Jonathan Alexander, Karl L. Alexander, Leslie Alexander, Nathan N. Alexander, Neville Alexander, Nicola A. Alexander, Patricia A. Alexander, Theron Alexander, Thomas Alexander, W. P. Alexander, William M. Alexander, M.D., Franz Alfonso, Mariana Alford, Harold D. Alford, Schevaletta M. Alfred, Mary Alger, Chadwick F. Alharthi, Ahmad A. Ali, Arshad Imtiaz Ali, Salma Ali-Khan, Carolyne Alibutod, Marilyn Alicea, Monica Alishahi, Afsoon Alkin, Marvin C. Allegrante, John P. Alleman, Janet Allen, Anna-Ruth Allen, Arthur Allen, Ayana Allen, C. R. Allen, Charles R. Allen, Clinton M. Allen, Danielle Allen, Danielle Allen, David Allen, Forrest Allen, Harvey A. Allen, Ira Madison Allen, Jan Allen, Jane C. Allen, Jennifer Allen, Keisha McIntosh Allen, R. V. Allen, Richard D. Allen, Ryan Allen, Ryan M. Allen, Tawannah G. Allen, Virginia F. Allen, W. Paul Allen, Walter R. Allen, Wendell C. Allen, Willard Paul Allen-Jones , Glenda L. Allensworth, Elaine Allensworth, Elaine Allexsaht-Snider, Martha Alleyne, Melissa L. Alline, Anna L. Allington, Richard Allison, Valerie A. Allport, Gordon W. Allyn, David Almack, John C. Almamoori, Omar J. Almeda, Victoria Q. Almog, Tamar Almy, Millie Alonso, Harriet Hyman Alonzo, Julie Alpern, D. K. Alperstein , Janet F. Alpert, Augusta Alridge, Derrick P. Alsaedi, Najah Alsbury, Thomas L. Alson, Allan Alston, Amberlina Alston, Chandra Altbach, Philip G. Althouse, J.G. Altman, James W. Altman, William Alvarado, Rafael E. Alvarez, Adam Julian Alvermann, Donna E. Alviar-Martin, Theresa Alvy, Harvey B. Amanpour, Christiane Amanti, Cathy Ambach, Gordon M. Ambrosio, John Ames, Carole A. Amonette, Henry L. Amory, Alan Amos, Yukari Amrein-Beardsley, Audrey Amsel, Eric Amster, Jeanne E. Amthor, Ramona Fruja An, Sohyun
| Anagnostopoulos , Dorothea Anastasi, Anne Ancess, Jacqueline and Associates, And His Students, and others, and others, and others, Anderegg, David Anderman, Lynley H. Anders, Patricia Andersen, C. T. Andersen, Erik A. Andersen, Neil Anderson, Archibald W. Anderson, Ashlee Anderson, Barry D. Anderson, Bernice E. Anderson, Brett Anderson, C. Arnold Anderson, Cecilia Anderson, Cecilia Anderson, Celia Rousseau Anderson, Celia M. Anderson, Erin Anderson, G. Lester Anderson, Gary L. Anderson, Gina Anderson, Gregory M. Anderson, Haithe Anderson, Harold A. Anderson, Helen Anderson, Homer W. Anderson, Howard R. Anderson, James D. Anderson, James Anderson, Jeffrey B. Anderson, Jervis Anderson, John E. Anderson, Kaitlin P. Anderson, Kate T. Anderson, Kelly Anderson, Kenneth Alonzo Anderson, L. Dewey Anderson, Lauren Anderson, Lorin W. Anderson, Michael L. Anderson , Noel S. Anderson, O. Roger Anderson, Richard E. Anderson, Richard C. Anderson, Robert H. Anderson, Rodino F. Anderson, Rowland C. Anderson, Roy N. Anderson, Sir George Anderson, Thomas H. Anderson, W. P. Anderson-Long, Maria Anderson-Thompkins, Sibby Andic, Martin André, Aline B. Andreescu, Titu Andrei, Elena Andress, Paul Andrew, Thomas Andrews, Alon Andrews, Benjamin R. Andrews, Gillian "Gus" Andrews, Richard L. Andrews-Larson, Christine Andrianaivo, Solange Andrus, Ruth Andry, Robert C. Andrzejewski, Carey E. Angelis, Janet Anglum, J. Cameron Angoff, Charles Angulo, A. J. Angus, David L. Annamma, Subini Annenberg, Norman Ansari, Sana Ansell, Amy E. Anthony, Albert S. Anthony, Kate S. Antia , Shirin Antler, Joyce Antler, Stephen Antonelli, George A. Antonenko, Pavlo Antrop-González, René Anyon, Jean Aoudé, Ibrahim G. Apfel, Nancy Appell, Clara T. Appiah, Kwame Anthony Apple, Michael W. Applebaum, Barbara Applebee, Arthur N. Appleman, Deborah Aptheker, Herbert Apugo , Danielle L. Aquino-Sterling, Cristian Araaya, Hailu Arafeh, Sousan Araujo, Blanca Araujo, Blanca Arbeit, Miriam R. Arberg, Harold W. Arbuckle, Dugald Archambault, Leanna Archibald, Sarah Arcilla, Rene Vincente Ardsdale, May B. Areen, Judith Arenas, Alberto Arends, Jack Arent, Emma Ares, Nancy Arey, Charles K. Argyris, Chris Arias, M. Beatriz Arisman, Kenneth J. Arlett, Elizabeth Armbruster, Bonnie B. Armentrout, W.D. Armor, David J. Arms, Emily Armstrong, Denise E. Armstrong, John A. Armstrong, Louis W. Armstrong, Willis C. Arndt, C. O. Arnesen, Arthur E. Arnett, Alex Mathews Arnheim, Rudolf Arnold, Bryan P. Arnold, David B. Arnold, Karen D. Arnold, Katharine S. Arnold, Noelle Witherspoon Arnot, Madeleine Arnspiger, V. C. Arnstein, George E. Arnstine, Barbara Arnstine, Donald J. Arnstine, Donald Arntsine, Barbara Aronowitz, Stanley Arons, Stephen Aronson, Brittany Arrastia, Lisa Arrington, Angelique Renee Arrington, Ruth E. Arrowsmith, Mary Noel Arrowsmith, Mary Noel Arroyo, Andrew T. Arroyo, Michelle A. Arsenian, Seth Arseo, Sean Arshad, Rosnidar Arshavsky, Nina Artelt , Cordula Artiles, Alfredo J. Arzubiaga, Angela E. Asby, Sir Eric Asch, Adrienne Aschbacher, Pamela R. Ascher, Abraham Ascher, Carol Ash, Doris Ashbaugh, Ernest J. Ashby, Christine Ashby, Lloyd W. Ashcom, Banjamin M. Ashcraft, Carrie Ashcraft, Catherine Asheim, Lester Asher, Nina Ashford, Shetay N. Ashida, K. Ashley, Dwayne Ashmore, Jerome Ashton, Patricia E. Ashworth, Delmer Asil, Mustafa Asimeng-Boahene, Lewis Askari, Emilia Askeland, O. Assouline, Susan G. Assow, A. Harry Assuncao Flores, Maria Astelle, George E. Aster, Samuel Astin, Helen S. Astin, John A. Astor, Ron Avi Astuto, Terry A. Ata, Atakan Atanda, Awo Korantemaa Ateh, Comfort Athanases, Steven Z. Atherley, Marilyn Atkin, J. Myron Atkinson, Ruth V. Attannucci, Jane S. Atteberry, Allison Atteberry, Allison Attwood, Adam Atwater, Mary Atwater, Sheri Atwell, Nancie Atwell, Robert King Atwood, Virginia Rogers Atyco, Henry C. Au, Wayne Aubert, Adrianna Aubrey, Roger F. Aucejo, Esteban Audley-Piotrowski, Shannon Auerbach, Susan Auguste, Byron Augustine, Norman R. Aultman, Lori Aurini, Janice Auser, Cortland P. Austin, Ann E Austin, David B. Austin, Duke W. Austin, Glenn Austin, Jean Austin, Mary C. Austin, Mike Austin, Theresa Austin, Vance Ausubel, David P. Author, No Autin, David B. Avalos, Mary A. Avcioglu, Ilhan Averch, Harvey Averill, Hugh M. Averill, Julia Averill, W. A. Avila, Maria Avila, Oscar Avila Saiter, Sean M. Aviles, Ann M. Avison, O. R. Axelrod, Paul Axelrod, Ysaaca Axelson, Alfhild J. Axline, Virginia M. AXT, Richard G. Axtelle, G. E. Axtelle, G. E. Ayala, Jennifer Ayalon, Hanna Ayer, Adelaide M. Ayer, Adelaide M. Ayer, Adelaide M. Ayer, Fred C. Ayers , Bill Ayers, David Ayers, Leonard P. Ayers, Richard Ayers, Rick Ayers, William Ayieko, Rachel Aylward, Lynn Ayscue, Jennifer B. Azano, Amy Azevedo, Roger Azzam, Tarek
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