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Knapp, Michael S. University of WashingtonE-Mail authorMICHAEL KNAPP, Ph.D., is a professor of educational leadership and policy studies and director of the Center for the Study of Teaching and Policy in the College of Education at the University of Washington engages in teaching and research focused on educational policymaking, school reform, leadership development, and policy research methods, with emphasis on how policy and leadership connect to classroom and school improvement. His studies have often concentrated on the education of disenfranchised populations, mathematics and science education, and the professional development of educators. Dr. Knapp has written extensively about his research, including eight books, among them, School Districts and Instructional Renewal (2002), Investigating the Influence of Standards (2002), Self-Reflective Renewal in Schools (2003), and Leading Learning in Schools and Districts (2006). Chrysan Gallucci , Michael S. Knapp, Anneke Markholt & Suzanne Ort - 2007 In this paper, the authors analyze the convergence of two apparently opposite theories of action regarding urban educational reform. The first theory, emphasizing small schools of choice, promotes close relationships between students and adults in distinctive school programs. The second, a district-guided instructional improvement reform, seeks to standardize instruction through demanding curriculum, standard-bearing work, and investment in professional learning. The study adds to existing research on the role of the school district in shaping and bringing to scale instructional improvement in urban schools. Michael S. Knapp, Michael A. Copland & Juli Ann Swinnerton - 2007 Educational leaders have always had “data” of some kind available to them when making decisions. Gathering whatever information they could readily access, and drawing on accumulated experience, intuition, and political acumen, leaders have pursued what they viewed as the wisest courses of action. However, in many cases, the data drawn into the decision-making process was unsystematically gathered, incomplete, or insufficiently nuanced to carry the weight of important decisions.
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A., M. A.Bailey II, M.D., Joseph A.Boyce, George A.Hanson, Abel Aagaard, Lola Abbate, Fred J. Abbe, George Abbot, Julia W. Abbott, Allan Abbott, Daniel H. Abbott, Dorothy Abbott, Forest L. Abbott, Herbert V. Abbott, Mary Allen Abbott, Mary Ellen Abbs, Peter Abdi, Ali A. Abdus-Sabur, Qadir Abe, Shigetaka Abedi, Jamal Abel, David A. Abel, Emily K. Abel, Jerian Abel, Yolanda Abeles, Harold F. Abelmann, Nancy Abelson, Harold H. Aben, Patricia Abernathy, Ruth Abernathy, Scott F. Abeson, Alan Abney, David Abney, Louise Abo-Zena, Mona Aboulafia, Mitchell Abouzaglo, Shanee Abowitz, Kathleen Knight Abrahams, Frank Abrahams, Salie Abram, Percy Abrams, Alfred W. Abrams, Lisa Abrams, Samuel E. Abrams, Sandra Schamroth Abramson, David A. Abrego, Michelle Abry, Tashia Abu El-Haj, Thea Acharya, Urmila Achenbach, Thomas M. Achilles, Charles M. Achinstein, Betty Achner, M. J. Ackerman, Debra Ackerman, John M. Ackerman, Phillip L. Ackerman, Winona B. Acosta, Elda Acosta, Melanie M. Acosta, Rudy Acosta , Vasthi Reyes Acuff, Bette Ada, Alma Flor Adair, Jennifer Keys Adair, Vivyan C. Adam, Roy Adamany, David Adams, Arlene Adams, Arthur S. Adams, Curt M. Adams, Donald Adams, Hazard Adams, Kathy Adams, Kenneth R. Adams, Margaret Adams, Megan Adams, Natalie Guice Adams, Susan R. Adams-Bass, Valerie Adamson, Susan C. Adelson, Joseph Adely, Fida J. Adigun, Olajumoke "Beulah" Adkins, Amee Adkins, Dorothy C. Adkins, Winthrop D. Adkison, Judith Adler, Chaim Adler, Karlyn Adler, Mortimer J. Adler, Susan Matoba Ado, Kathryn af Malmborg, Nils M. Afonso, Robert Afzal, Saima Agans, Jennifer P. Agee, Jane Agirdag, Orhan Agius, Kirsten Agne, Russell M. Agnew, Walter D. Agosto, Vonzell Agre, Gene P. Agren, Raymond Aguiar, Jeff Aguilar, Jose V. Aguilera-Black Bear, Dorothy Aguirre, Julia Aguirre Jr, Adalberto Ahearn, Amy Ahern, T. James Ahern, Terence Ahlberg, Mauri Ahlstrom, Winton M. Ahmad, Iftikhar Ahmad, Nabeel Ahn, June Ahram, Roey Ahrens, Maurice R. Aiken, Henry David Aiken-Wisniewski, Sharon A Aikin, Wilford M. Aikins, Ross Airasian, Peter W. Airton, Lee Aitchison, Alison E. Aitchison, Gertrude M. Aitken, Graeme Aitken, Jenny Aitken, Johanna aka Don Trent Jacobs, Four Arrows Akanbi , Linda Akers, Milton E. Akerson, Valarie L. Akiba, Daisuke Akiba, Motoko Akin, Clayton Akinrinola, Ademola Akita, Kiyomi Akkari, Abdeljalil Akom, Antwi Akrawi, Matta Al Atiyat , Ibtesam Alaca, Zahide Alarcon, Jeannette Alatis, James E. Alba, Richard Albert, Gerald Albert, Marta K. Alberty, H. B. Alberty, Harold Albrecht, Arthur E. Albrecht, Lisa Albright, Julie M. Albright, Kathy Zanella Albro, Elizabeth Alcantar, Cynthia M. Aldemir, Jale Alden, Elizabeth Alden, Vernon R. Alderfer, H.F. Aldrich, Grace L. Alessi, Jr., Samuel J. Alexander, Carter Alexander, Dameon V. Alexander, Francie Alexander, Gadi Alexander, Herbert B. Alexander, Jonathan Alexander, Karl L. Alexander, Leslie Alexander, Nathan N. Alexander, Neville Alexander, Nicola A. Alexander, Patricia A. Alexander, Theron Alexander, Thomas Alexander, W. P. Alexander, William M. Alexander, M.D., Franz Alfonso, Mariana Alford, Harold D. Alford, Schevaletta M. Alfred, Mary Alger, Chadwick F. Alharthi, Ahmad A. Ali, Arshad Imtiaz Ali-Khan, Carolyne Alibutod, Marilyn Alicea, Monica Alishahi, Afsoon Alkin, Marvin C. Allegrante, John P. Alleman, Janet Allen, Anna-Ruth Allen, Arthur Allen, Ayana Allen, C. R. Allen, Charles R. Allen, Clinton M. Allen, Danielle Allen, David Allen, Forrest Allen, Harvey A. Allen, Ira Madison Allen, Jan Allen, Jane C. Allen, Jennifer Allen, Keisha McIntosh Allen, R. V. Allen, Richard D. Allen, Ryan Allen, Tawannah G. Allen, Virginia F. Allen, W. Paul Allen, Walter R. Allen, Wendell C. Allen, Willard Paul Allen-Jones , Glenda L. Allensworth, Elaine Allensworth, Elaine Alleyne, Melissa L. Alline, Anna L. Allington, Richard Allison, Valerie A. Allport, Gordon W. Allyn, David Almack, John C. Almeda, Victoria Q. Almog, Tamar Almy, Millie Alonso, Harriet Hyman Alonzo, Julie Alpern, D. K. Alperstein , Janet F. Alpert, Augusta Alridge, Derrick P. Alsaedi, Najah Alsbury, Thomas L. Alson, Allan Alston, Chandra Altbach, Philip G. Althouse, J.G. Altman, James W. Altman, William Alvarado, Rafael E. Alvarez, Adam Julian Alvermann, Donna E. Alviar-Martin, Theresa Alvy, Harvey B. Amanpour, Christiane Amanti, Cathy Ambach, Gordon M. Ambrosio, John Ames, Carole A. Amonette, Henry L. Amory, Alan Amos, Yukari Amrein-Beardsley, Audrey Amsel, Eric Amster, Jeanne E. Amthor, Ramona Fruja
| An, Sohyun Anagnostopoulos , Dorothea Anastasi, Anne Ancess, Jacqueline and Associates, And His Students, and others, and others, and others, Anderegg, David Anderman, Lynley H. Anders, Patricia Andersen, C. T. Andersen, Erik A. Andersen, Neil Anderson, Archibald W. Anderson, Barry D. Anderson, Bernice E. Anderson, Brett Anderson, C. Arnold Anderson, Cecilia Anderson, Cecilia Anderson, Celia Rousseau Anderson, Celia M. Anderson, G. Lester Anderson, Gary L. Anderson, Gina Anderson, Gregory M. Anderson, Haithe Anderson, Harold A. Anderson, Helen Anderson, Homer W. Anderson, Howard R. Anderson, James D. Anderson, James Anderson, Jeffrey B. Anderson, Jervis Anderson, John E. Anderson, Kate T. Anderson, Kelly Anderson, Kenneth Alonzo Anderson, L. Dewey Anderson, Lauren Anderson, Lorin W. Anderson, Michael L. Anderson , Noel S. Anderson, O. Roger Anderson, Richard E. Anderson, Richard C. Anderson, Robert H. Anderson, Rodino F. Anderson, Rowland C. Anderson, Roy N. Anderson, Sir George Anderson, Thomas H. Anderson, W. P. Anderson-Thompkins, Sibby Andic, Martin André, Aline B. Andreescu, Titu Andrei, Elena Andress, Paul Andrew, Thomas Andrews, Alon Andrews, Benjamin R. Andrews, Gillian "Gus" Andrews, Richard L. Andrews-Larson, Christine Andrianaivo, Solange Andrus, Ruth Andry, Robert C. Andrzejewski, Carey E. Angelis, Janet Anglum, J. Cameron Angoff, Charles Angulo, A. J. Angus, David L. Annamma, Subini Annenberg, Norman Ansari, Sana Ansell, Amy E. Anthony, Albert S. Anthony, Kate S. Antia , Shirin Antler, Joyce Antler, Stephen Antonelli, George A. Antonenko, Pavlo Antrop-González, René Anyon, Jean Aoudé, Ibrahim G. Apfel, Nancy Appell, Clara T. Appiah, Kwame Anthony Apple, Michael W. Applebaum, Barbara Applebee, Arthur N. Appleman, Deborah Aptheker, Herbert Apugo , Danielle L. Aquino-Sterling, Cristian Araaya, Hailu Arafeh, Sousan Araujo, Blanca Araujo, Blanca Arbeit, Miriam R. Arberg, Harold W. Arbuckle, Dugald Archibald, Sarah Arcilla, Rene Vincente Ardsdale, May B. Areen, Judith Arenas, Alberto Arends, Jack Arent, Emma Ares, Nancy Arey, Charles K. Argyris, Chris Arias, M. Beatriz Arisman, Kenneth J. Arlett, Elizabeth Armbruster, Bonnie B. Armentrout, W.D. Armor, David J. Arms, Emily Armstrong, Denise E. Armstrong, John A. Armstrong, Louis W. Armstrong, Willis C. Arndt, C. O. Arnesen, Arthur E. Arnett, Alex Mathews Arnheim, Rudolf Arnold, Bryan P. Arnold, David B. Arnold, Katharine S. Arnold, Noelle Witherspoon Arnot, Madeleine Arnspiger, V. C. Arnstein, George E. Arnstine, Barbara Arnstine, Donald J. Arnstine, Donald Arntsine, Barbara Aronowitz, Stanley Arons, Stephen Aronson, Brittany Arrastia, Lisa Arrington, Angelique Renee Arrington, Ruth E. Arrowsmith, Mary Noel Arrowsmith, Mary Noel Arroyo, Andrew T. Arsenian, Seth Arseo, Sean Arshad, Rosnidar Arshavsky, Nina Artelt , Cordula Artiles, Alfredo J. Arzubiaga, Angela E. Asby, Sir Eric Asch, Adrienne Aschbacher, Pamela R. Ascher, Abraham Ascher, Carol Ash, Doris Ashbaugh, Ernest J. Ashby, Christine Ashby, Lloyd W. Ashcom, Banjamin M. Ashcraft, Catherine Asheim, Lester Asher, Nina Ashford, Shetay N. Ashida, K. Ashley, Dwayne Ashmore, Jerome Ashton, Patricia E. Ashworth, Delmer Asil, Mustafa Asimeng-Boahene, Lewis Askari, Emilia Askeland, O. Assouline, Susan G. Assow, A. Harry Assuncao Flores, Maria Astelle, George E. Aster, Samuel Astin, Helen S. Astin, John A. Astor, Ron Avi Astuto, Terry A. Ata, Atakan Atanda, Awo Korantemaa Athanases, Steven Z. Atherley, Marilyn Atkin, J. Myron Atkinson, Ruth V. Attannucci, Jane S. Atteberry, Allison Atteberry, Allison Attwood, Adam Atwater, Mary Atwater, Sheri Atwell, Nancie Atwell, Robert King Atwood, Virginia Rogers Atyco, Henry C. Au, Wayne Aubert, Adrianna Aubrey, Roger F. Audley-Piotrowski, Shannon Auerbach, Susan Auguste, Byron Augustine, Norman R. Aultman, Lori Aurini, Janice Auser, Cortland P. Austin, Ann E Austin, David B. Austin, Duke W. Austin, Glenn Austin, Jean Austin, Mary C. Austin, Mike Austin, Theresa Austin, Vance Ausubel, David P. Author, No Autin, David B. Avalos, Mary A. Avcioglu, Ilhan Averch, Harvey Averill, Hugh M. Averill, Julia Averill, W. A. Avila, Maria Avila, Oscar Avila Saiter, Sean M. Aviles, Ann M. Avison, O. R. Axelrod, Paul Axelrod, Ysaaca Axelson, Alfhild J. Axline, Virginia M. AXT, Richard G. Axtelle, G. E. Axtelle, G. E. Ayala, Jennifer Ayalon, Hanna Ayer, Adelaide M. Ayer, Adelaide M. Ayer, Adelaide M. Ayer, Fred C. Ayers , Bill Ayers, David Ayers, Leonard P. Ayers, Richard Ayers, Rick Ayers, William Ayieko, Rachel Aylward, Lynn Azano, Amy Azevedo, Roger Azzam, Tarek
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