|
|
Petty, Dorothy C. Buffalo, NYDOROTHY C. PETTY is an educational consultant in Buffalo, New York. Walter T. Petty, Dorothy C. Petty, Anabel P. Newman & Eloise M. Skeen — 1977 Just what language abilities does an individual need? Are there
different levels of language competency an individual needs for
various tasks and at different stages of maturity? Are the competencies
needed by the elementary school child different from those
of the high school student? Most importantly, what are the competencies
needed by the individual who is no longer a student in
the school-attending sense? Can these competencies be described?
Are some more essential than others? A former Oregon state superintendent
put the issue bluntly and in context with these questions:
"What competencies are required for America's young people to
survive during the last quarter of this century? What survival skills are needed to cope successfully with life as a citizen, wage earner,
consumer, and learner?"
The purpose of this chapter is to respond to these questions, to attempt to list and define the language competencies essential for
coping in our society. Of necessity, these are broadly stated, since
they must encompass the needs of both children and adults in a
wide range of societal and economic settings and with a wide
range of individual needs and abilities. It is hoped that they will
serve as bases for further examination of programs and objectives,
and possibly as criteria against which both teaching decisions and
student achievement may be measured. It is the task of the reader
to make thoughtful application of the statement of competencies to
the specific needs of a given set of learners.
|
|
|
A.Boyce, George A.Hanson, Abel Aagaard, Lola Abbate, Fred J. Abbe, George Abbot, Julia W. Abbott, Allan Abbott, Daniel H. Abbott, Dorothy Abbott, Forest L. Abbott, Herbert V. Abbott, Mary Allen Abbott, Mary Ellen Abbs, Peter Abdi, Ali A. Abdus-Sabur, Qadir Abedi, Jamal Abel, David A. Abel, Emily K. Abel, Jerian Abel, Yolanda Abeles, Harold F. Abelmann, Nancy Abelson, Harold H. Aben, Patricia Abernathy, Ruth Abernathy, Scott F. Abeson, Alan Abney, Louise Abo-Zena, Mona Aboulafia, Mitchell Abouzaglo, Shanee Abowitz, Kathleen Knight Abrahams, Frank Abrahams, Salie Abram, Percy Abrams, Alfred W. Abrams, Lisa Abrams, Samuel E. Abrams, Sandra Schamroth Abramson, David A. Abrego, Michelle Abry, Tashia Abu El-Haj, Thea Acharya, Urmila Achenbach, Thomas M. Achilles, Charles M. Achinstein, Betty Achner, M. J. Ackerman, Debra Ackerman, John M. Ackerman, Phillip L. Ackerman, Winona B. Acosta, Elda Acosta, Melanie M. Acosta, Rudy Acosta , Vasthi Reyes Acuff, Bette Ada, Alma Flor Adair, Jennifer Keys Adair, Vivyan C. Adam, Roy Adamany, David Adams, Arlene Adams, Arthur S. Adams, Curt M. Adams, Donald Adams, Hazard Adams, Kathy Adams, Kenneth R. Adams, Margaret Adams, Megan Adams, Natalie Guice Adams, Susan R. Adams-Bass, Valerie Adamson, Susan C. Adelson, Joseph Adely, Fida J. Adigun, Olajumoke "Beulah" Adkins, Amee Adkins, Dorothy C. Adkins, Winthrop D. Adkison, Judith Adler, Chaim Adler, Karlyn Adler, Mortimer J. Adler, Susan Matoba Ado, Kathryn af Malmborg, Nils M. Afonso, Robert Afzal, Saima Agans, Jennifer P. Agee, Jane Agirdag, Orhan Agius, Kirsten Agne, Russell M. Agnew, Walter D. Agosto, Vonzell Agre, Gene P. Agren, Raymond Aguiar, Jeff Aguilar, Jose V. Aguilera-Black Bear, Dorothy Aguirre, Julia Aguirre Jr, Adalberto Ahearn, Amy Ahern, T. James Ahern, Terence Ahlberg, Mauri Ahlstrom, Winton M. Ahmad, Iftikhar Ahmad, Nabeel Ahn, June Ahram, Roey Ahrens, Maurice R. Aiken, Henry David Aiken-Wisniewski, Sharon A Aikin, Wilford M. Aikins, Ross Airasian, Peter W. Airton, Lee Aitchison, Alison E. Aitchison, Gertrude M. Aitken, Graeme Aitken, Jenny Aitken, Johanna aka Don Trent Jacobs, Four Arrows Akanbi , Linda Akers, Milton E. Akerson, Valarie L. Akiba, Daisuke Akiba, Motoko Akin, Clayton Akinrinola, Ademola Akita, Kiyomi Akkari, Abdeljalil Akom, Antwi Akrawi, Matta Al Atiyat , Ibtesam Alaca, Zahide Alarcon, Jeannette Alatis, James E. Alba, Richard Albert, Gerald Albert, Marta K. Alberty, H. B. Alberty, Harold Albrecht, Arthur E. Albrecht, Lisa Albright, Julie M. Albright, Kathy Zanella Alcantar, Cynthia M. Aldemir, Jale Alden, Elizabeth Alden, Vernon R. Alderfer, H.F. Aldrich, Grace L. Alessi, Jr., Samuel J. Alexander, Carter Alexander, Dameon V. Alexander, Francie Alexander, Gadi Alexander, Herbert B. Alexander, Jonathan Alexander, Karl L. Alexander, Leslie Alexander, Nathan N. Alexander, Neville Alexander, Nicola A. Alexander, Patricia A. Alexander, Theron Alexander, Thomas Alexander, W. P. Alexander, William M. Alexander, M.D., Franz Alfonso, Mariana Alford, Harold D. Alford, Schevaletta M. Alfred, Mary Alger, Chadwick F. Alharthi, Ahmad A. Ali, Arshad Imtiaz Ali-Khan, Carolyne Alibutod, Marilyn Alicea, Monica Alishahi, Afsoon Alkin, Marvin C. Allegrante, John P. Alleman, Janet Allen, Anna-Ruth Allen, Arthur Allen, Ayana Allen, C. R. Allen, Charles R. Allen, Clinton M. Allen, Danielle Allen, David Allen, Forrest Allen, Harvey A. Allen, Ira Madison Allen, Jan Allen, Jane C. Allen, Jennifer Allen, Keisha McIntosh Allen, R. V. Allen, Richard D. Allen, Tawannah G. Allen, Virginia F. Allen, W. Paul Allen, Walter R. Allen, Wendell C. Allen, Willard Paul Allen-Jones , Glenda L. Allensworth, Elaine Alleyne, Melissa L. Alline, Anna L. Allington, Richard Allison, Valerie A. Allport, Gordon W. Allyn, David Almack, John C. Almeda, Victoria Q. Almog, Tamar Almy, Millie Alonso, Harriet Hyman Alonzo, Julie Alpern, D. K. Alperstein , Janet F. Alpert, Augusta Alridge, Derrick P. Alsaedi, Najah Alsbury, Thomas L. Alson, Allan Alston, Chandra Altbach, Philip G. Althouse, J.G. Altman, James W. Altman, William Alvermann, Donna E. Alviar-Martin, Theresa Alvy, Harvey B. Amanti, Cathy Ambach, Gordon M. Ambrosio, John Ames, Carole A. Amonette, Henry L. Amory, Alan Amrein-Beardsley, Audrey Amsel, Eric
| Amster, Jeanne E. Amthor, Ramona Fruja An, Sohyun Anagnostopoulos , Dorothea Anastasi, Anne Ancess, Jacqueline and Associates, And His Students, and others, and others, and others, Anderegg, David Anderman, Lynley H. Anders, Patricia Andersen, C. T. Andersen, Erik A. Andersen, Neil Anderson, Archibald W. Anderson, Barry D. Anderson, Bernice E. Anderson, Brett Anderson, C. Arnold Anderson, Cecilia Anderson, Cecilia Anderson, Celia Rousseau Anderson, Celia M. Anderson, G. Lester Anderson, Gary L. Anderson, Gina Anderson, Gregory M. Anderson, Haithe Anderson, Harold A. Anderson, Helen Anderson, Homer W. Anderson, Howard R. Anderson, James D. Anderson, James Anderson, Jeffrey B. Anderson, Jervis Anderson, John E. Anderson, Kate T. Anderson, Kelly Anderson, Kenneth Alonzo Anderson, L. Dewey Anderson, Lauren Anderson, Lorin W. Anderson, Michael L. Anderson , Noel S. Anderson, O. Roger Anderson, Richard E. Anderson, Richard C. Anderson, Robert H. Anderson, Rodino F. Anderson, Rowland C. Anderson, Roy N. Anderson, Sir George Anderson, Thomas H. Anderson, W. P. Anderson-Thompkins, Sibby Andic, Martin André, Aline B. Andreescu, Titu Andrei, Elena Andress, Paul Andrew, Thomas Andrews, Alon Andrews, Benjamin R. Andrews, Gillian "Gus" Andrews, Richard L. Andrews-Larson, Christine Andrianaivo, Solange Andrus, Ruth Andry, Robert C. Andrzejewski, Carey E. Angelis, Janet Angoff, Charles Angulo, A. J. Angus, David L. Annamma, Subini Annenberg, Norman Ansari, Sana Ansell, Amy E. Anthony, Albert S. Anthony, Kate S. Antia , Shirin Antler, Joyce Antler, Stephen Antonelli, George A. Antrop-González, René Anyon, Jean Aoudé, Ibrahim G. Apfel, Nancy Appell, Clara T. Appiah, Kwame Anthony Apple, Michael W. Applebaum, Barbara Applebee, Arthur N. Appleman, Deborah Aptheker, Herbert Apugo , Danielle L. Aquino-Sterling, Cristian Araaya, Hailu Arafeh, Sousan Araujo, Blanca Arbeit, Miriam R. Arberg, Harold W. Arbuckle, Dugald Archibald, Sarah Arcilla, Rene Vincente Ardsdale, May B. Areen, Judith Arenas, Alberto Arends, Jack Arent, Emma Ares, Nancy Arey, Charles K. Argyris, Chris Arias, M. Beatriz Arisman, Kenneth J. Arlett, Elizabeth Armbruster, Bonnie B. Armentrout, W.D. Armor, David J. Arms, Emily Armstrong, Denise E. Armstrong, John A. Armstrong, Louis W. Armstrong, Willis C. Arndt, C. O. Arnesen, Arthur E. Arnett, Alex Mathews Arnheim, Rudolf Arnold, David B. Arnold, Katharine S. Arnold, Noelle Witherspoon Arnot, Madeleine Arnspiger, V. C. Arnstein, George E. Arnstine, Barbara Arnstine, Donald J. Arntsine, Barbara Aronowitz, Stanley Arons, Stephen Aronson, Brittany Arrastia, Lisa Arrington, Angelique Renee Arrington, Ruth E. Arrowsmith, Mary Noel Arroyo, Andrew T. Arsenian, Seth Arseo, Sean Arshad, Rosnidar Arshavsky, Nina Artelt , Cordula Artiles, Alfredo J. Arzubiaga, Angela E. Asby, Sir Eric Asch, Adrienne Aschbacher, Pamela R. Ascher, Abraham Ascher, Carol Ash, Doris Ashbaugh, Ernest J. Ashby, Christine Ashby, Lloyd W. Ashcom, Banjamin M. Ashcraft, Catherine Asheim, Lester Asher, Nina Ashford, Shetay N. Ashida, K. Ashley, Dwayne Ashmore, Jerome Ashton, Patricia E. Ashworth, Delmer Asil, Mustafa Asimeng-Boahene, Lewis Askeland, O. Assouline, Susan G. Assow, A. Harry Assuncao Flores, Maria Astelle, George E. Aster, Samuel Astin, Helen S. Astin, John A. Astor, Ron Avi Astuto, Terry A. Ata, Atakan Atanda, Awo Korantemaa Athanases, Steven Z. Atherley, Marilyn Atkin, J. Myron Atkinson, Ruth V. Attannucci, Jane S. Atteberry, Allison Attwood, Adam Atwater, Mary Atwater, Sheri Atwell, Nancie Atwell, Robert King Atwood, Virginia Rogers Atyco, Henry C. Au, Wayne Aubert, Adrianna Aubrey, Roger F. Audley-Piotrowski, Shannon Auerbach, Susan Auguste, Byron Aultman, Lori Aurini, Janice Auser, Cortland P. Austin, Ann E Austin, David B. Austin, Duke W. Austin, Glenn Austin, Jean Austin, Mary C. Austin, Mike Austin, Theresa Austin, Vance Ausubel, David P. Autin, David B. Avalos, Mary A. Avcioglu, Ilhan Averch, Harvey Averill, Hugh M. Averill, Julia Averill, W. A. Avila, Maria Avila Saiter, Sean M. Aviles, Ann M. Avison, O. R. Axelrod, Paul Axelrod, Ysaaca Axelson, Alfhild J. Axline, Virginia M. Axtelle, G. E. Ayala, Jennifer Ayalon, Hanna Ayer, Adelaide M. Ayer, Fred C. Ayers , Bill Ayers, David Ayers, Leonard P. Ayers, Richard Ayers, Rick Ayers, William Ayieko, Rachel Aylward, Lynn Azevedo, Roger Azzam, Tarek
|
|
|
|
|
|